Module 1, Lesson 3
States of Matter物質的三態
This lesson at a glance
Solids, liquids, and gases
- Solid: fixed shape and volume
- Liquid: fixed volume, takes the container's shape
- Gas: fills its container
1Solids, liquids, and gases固體、液體與氣體
AStates of Matter物質的三態
- Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.物質是任何有質量、占有空間的東西。
- Particles in a solid vibrate in fixed positions. Particles in a liquid slide past one another. Particles in a gas move freely and spread out to fill their container.固體粒子在固定位置振動；液體粒子可以互相滑動；氣體粒子自由移動，會擴散充滿容器。
- Adding thermal energy makes particles move faster and can cause melting or vaporization. Removing thermal energy can cause condensation or freezing.加入熱能使粒子運動變快，可能造成熔化或汽化；移除熱能可能造成凝結或凝固。
Check yourself
Are the bubbles in boiling water made of air?水沸騰時冒出的氣泡是空氣嗎？
Show answer
No. They are water vapor, the gas form of water.不是。它們是水蒸氣，也就是水的氣態。
Note
Temperature stays the same during a change of state, even while energy is still being added.物態變化進行時，即使持續加熱，溫度也會維持不變。
Practice 1